See, that's why people should talk to each other. I could have been stuck on this forever if you hadn't mentioned line numbers. By making the debug call "debug:embedded" I got the line numbers in. The problem had been that my Lights class was not initializing the distanceOverride array. Compiled objects are still not rendering, though, so off to find that issue (now aided by the line numbers).

Actually, I knew that. I also now know that the -debug option is not supported on Windows (or at least not Windows x64) for whatever reason. And every solution to line-number printing I find fails (one of them always prints line 0, another doesn't even compile on Mono). Fun.

It's compiled code, man, it's not a bytecode. No line numbers in C# stack traces.

The NullPointerException only says, "Object reference not set to an instance of an object." Very useful, so I printed both the stack and the following messages:

Quote
NullReference:    at Object3D.render(Boolean software, Single mx, Single my, Single scalex, Single scaley, Single divx, Single divy, Boolean mayOptimize, Int32 tc, FrameBuffer buffer)
   at WorldProcessor.processInternal(FrameBuffer buffer, List`1 objectList, Portals portals, Camera camera, Boolean software, Single mx, Single my, Boolean mayOptimize, Boolean hasToSort, Int32 start, Int32 end, Single camScaleX, Single camScaleY, Boolean gl)
   at WorldProcessor.process(FrameBuffer buffer, List`1 objectList, Portals portals, Camera camera, Boolean software, Single mx, Single my, Boolean mayOptimize, Boolean hasToSort, Int32 start, Int32 end, Single camScaleX, Single camScaleY, Boolean gl)
   at World.renderScene(FrameBuffer buffer)
Object3D.render(): compiled. Is visList null? False
Object3D.render(): compiled. Is visList null? False
[ 8/4/2021 3:25:24 AM ] - WARNING: World.renderScene(): There's a problem with the object list not being consistent during rendering. This is often caused by concurrent modification of BR3D objects on a thread different from the rendering thread! Is camera null? False Is visList? False

On occasions whose particularities I've yet to identify, I can't get rid of the following message.

Quote
WARNING: World.renderScene(): There's a problem with the object list not being consistent during rendering. This is often caused by concurrent modification of BR3D objects on a thread different from the rendering thread! Is camera null? False Is visList? False

Also, only the Skybox renders when compiled...

Yeah, I added a try-catch to the entire method. It gets me through initialization, then it stops happening. Still, I'm not getting anything drawn when compiling the objects.

It has to be GL.DrawElements(primitiveType, indexCount, DrawElementsType.UnsignedInt, indices.array) because there's a printout right after it that doesn't get printed.

It's infuriating that although I don't know why the indexed flag is true, the following block produces the following output. I don't suppose anyone would have any insights here?


              do {
                     if (indexed) {
                            GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ElementArrayBuffer, indicesId);
                                   System.Console.WriteLine("CompiledInstance.renderVBO(): Is indices null? "+(indices==null));
                                   if (indices==null){
                                          indexed = false;//A HACK
                                                               System.Console.WriteLine("HACKHACKHACKHACKHACKHACK");
                                                 indices = new IntBuffer(tris.Count * 3);
                                   return;}
                            if (indexed){//A HACK
                            GL.DrawElements(primitiveType, indexCount, DrawElementsType.UnsignedInt, indices.array);
                                   System.Console.WriteLine("CompiledInstance.renderVBO(): BindBuffer()?");
                            GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ElementArrayBuffer, 0);}
                     } else {
                            System.Console.WriteLine("\n\nCompiledInstance.renderVBO(): GL.DrawArrays(...).\n");
                            GL.DrawArrays(primitiveType, 0, cnt);
                     }
              }


Quote
CompiledInstance.renderVBO(): Is indices null? True
HACKHACKHACKHACKHACKHACK

Unhandled Exception: System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
   at co.ratto.threed.CompiledInstance.renderVBO(Boolean vertexAlpha, IRenderHook hook)
   at co.ratto.threed.CompiledInstance.render(Int32 myID, IRenderer renderer, Single[] ambient, Single[] cols, Boolean intoDepthMap, Camera cam, Single[][] lights, Boolean wireFrame, Object[] data)
   at co.ratto.threed.GLRenderer.drawVertexArray(VisList visList, Int32 start, Int32 end, FrameBuffer buffer, World world)
   at co.ratto.threed.World.draw(FrameBuffer buffer, Boolean wireframe, UInt32 frameColor, Int32 start, Int32 end)
   at co.ratto.threed.World.draw(FrameBuffer buffer, Boolean wireframe, UInt32 frameColor)
   at co.ratto.threed.World.draw(FrameBuffer buffer)
   at co.ratto.threed.SkyBox.render(World world, FrameBuffer buffer)
   at LivingForest.draw()
   at LivingForest.gameLoop()
   at LivingForest.OnUpdateFrame(FrameEventArgs e)
   at OpenTK.GameWindow.RaiseUpdateFrame(Stopwatch watch, Double elapsed, Double& timestamp)
   at OpenTK.GameWindow.DispatchUpdateFrame(Stopwatch watch)
   at OpenTK.GameWindow.Run(Double updates_per_second, Double frames_per_second)
   at LivingForest..ctor()
   at LivingForest.Main(String[] args)

I put in a bizarre wait of 2.5 seconds and cleared that block as far is this bit. Now, no matter what I try indices is null. What I'm trying is hacky, anyway, so I'd rather ask you when indices in CompiledInstance.renderVBO() might be null. The C# runtime operates very differently from the JVM.


              do {
                     if (indexed) {
                            GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ElementArrayBuffer, indicesId);
                                   System.Console.WriteLine("CompiledInstance.renderVBO(): Is indices null? "+(indices==null));
                                          if (indices==null){
                                                 indices = new IntBuffer(tris.Count * 3);
                                                 //return;
                                                 while (indices == null)
                                                 continue;}
                            GL.DrawElements(primitiveType, indexCount, DrawElementsType.UnsignedInt, indices.array);
                                   System.Console.WriteLine("CompiledInstance.renderVBO(): BindBuffer()?");
                            GL.BindBuffer(BufferTarget.ElementArrayBuffer, 0);
                     } else {
                            System.Console.WriteLine("\n\nCompiledInstance.renderVBO(): GL.DrawArrays(...).\n");
                            GL.DrawArrays(primitiveType, 0, cnt);
                     }
              }


I think that I've figured out my problem with CompiledInstance memory errors: I had to delete the reflection (I really wish you would forget Java 1.1 ever existed), and I can't see how your code ever calls Object3DCompiler.compile(...) (or Versionhelper5.compile(...) for that matter). Help me out?

Never mind that. After too long with no success, I've started rendering things beautifully. A lot of different problems at the moment, like the fact that no compiled object is working. Only so many blitting methods work at all, for that matter, maxPolysVisible can't be much more than 512k for some reason, and a few other mysteries.

Oh, and C# can't catch exceptions across threads, which is a nuisance. I may have to switch to Tasks, if that's doable.

Our little engine has a very specific approach to OpenGL, so online examples aren't always very helpful. I have found the following answer (https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61030683/opengl-opentk-drawing-with-indices-attempted-to-read-or-write-protected-memo) to a similar problem, but I can't fit it into the pipeline. GLRenderer.renderVertexArray(int) is currently throwing:

Quote
Unhandled Exception: System.AccessViolationException: Attempted to read or write protected memory. This is often an indication that other memory is corrupt.
   at OpenTK.Graphics.OpenGL.GL.DrawArrays(PrimitiveType mode, Int32 first, Int32 count)
   at co.ratto.threed.GLRenderer.renderVertexArray(Int32 curPos)
   at co.ratto.threed.GLRenderer.drawVertexArray(VisList visList, Int32 start, Int32 end, FrameBuffer buffer, World world)
   at co.ratto.threed.World.draw(FrameBuffer buffer, Boolean wireframe, UInt32 frameColor, Int32 start, Int32 end)
   at co.ratto.threed.World.draw(FrameBuffer buffer, Boolean wireframe, UInt32 frameColor)
   at co.ratto.threed.World.draw(FrameBuffer buffer)
   at co.ratto.threed.SkyBox.render(World world, FrameBuffer buffer)
   at LivingForest.draw()
   at LivingForest.gameLoop()
   at LivingForest.OnUpdateFrame(FrameEventArgs e)
   at OpenTK.GameWindow.RaiseUpdateFrame(Stopwatch watch, Double elapsed, Double& timestamp)
   at OpenTK.GameWindow.DispatchUpdateFrame(Stopwatch watch)
   at OpenTK.GameWindow.Run(Double updates_per_second, Double frames_per_second)
   at LivingForest..ctor()
   at LivingForest.Main(String[] args)

And this is my port (almost identical to yours):

       private void createVertexArrays(int max) {
              GL.EnableClientState(ArrayCap.TextureCoordArray);
              for (int i = 0; i < max; i++) {
                     multiTextures[i] = new FloatBuffer(VertexArraySize * 2);
                     GL.ActiveTexture((TextureUnit)stageMap[i]);
                     GL.TexCoordPointer(2, TexCoordPointerType.Float, 8, multiTextures[i].array);
                     if (i == 0) {
                            textures = multiTextures[0];
                            buffersEnabled[0] = true;
                     }
              }
       }
       private void renderVertexArray(int curPos) {
              if (curPos != 0) {
                     bool dissed = false;
                     // For Projective the Texture Coordinates from ...
                     for (int i = 0; i < projective.Length; i++) {
                            if (projective[i] && buffersEnabled[i]) {
                                   GL.ActiveTexture((TextureUnit)stageMap[i]);
                                   GL.DisableClientState(ArrayCap.TextureCoordArray);
                                   dissed = true;
                            }
                     }
                     GL.DrawArrays(PrimitiveType.Triangles, 0, curPos);
                     if (dissed) {
                            // And on again if necessary. Actually, that should be dead, but you are not in it in the driver.
                            for (int i = 0; i < projective.Length; i++) {
                                   if (projective[i] && buffersEnabled[i]) {
                                          GL.ActiveTexture((TextureUnit)stageMap[i]);
                                          GL.EnableClientState(ArrayCap.TextureCoordArray);
                                   }
                            }
                     }
              }
       }


If you have any insights I would greatly appreciate them.

The ARBMultitexture lines are commented out in the above code. But I found GL.ActiveTexture((TextureUnit)stageMap), which I hope is the same. Still, no progress on the vertex array problem. As for PrimtiveType.Triangles, I'm confident about it.

This is what my renderVertexArray(int) method looks like, because I couldn't find OpenTK equivalents for the ARBMultitexture stuff. Could that be the problem?


       private void renderVertexArray(int curPos) {
              if (curPos != 0) {
                     bool dissed = false;
                     // For Projective the texture coordinates from ...
                     for (int i = 0; i < projective.Length; i++) {
                            if (projective[i] && buffersEnabled[i]) {
//                                   ARBMultitexture.glClientActiveTextureARB(stageMap[i]);
                                   GL.DisableClientState(ArrayCap.TextureCoordArray);
                                   dissed = true;
                            }
                     }
                     GL.DrawArrays(PrimitiveType.Triangles, 0, curPos);
                     if (dissed) {
                            // And on again if required. Actually, this should be dead, but you are not in the driver.
                            for (int i = 0; i < projective.Length; i++) {
                                   if (projective[i] && buffersEnabled[i]) {
//                                          ARBMultitexture.glClientActiveTextureARB(stageMap[i]);
                                          GL.EnableClientState(ArrayCap.TextureCoordArray);
                                   }
                            }
                     }
              }
       }


I'm porting GLSLShader and ShadowHelper right now. Around line 382, ShadowHelper does world.setAmbientLight(col.getRed(), col.getRed(), col.getBlue()). Is that a bug or did you use red twice on purpose?