This looks like a similar stacktrace from another user:

java.lang.RuntimeException:
  at com.threed.jpct.Logger.log (Logger.java:206)
  at com.threed.jpct.GL20.checkError (GL20.java:163)
  at com.threed.jpct.GL20.glGenBuffers (GL20.java:1385)
  at com.threed.jpct.CompiledInstance.compileToVBO (CompiledInstance.java:1478)
  at com.threed.jpct.CompiledInstance.render (CompiledInstance.java:606)
  at com.threed.jpct.GLRenderer.drawWireframe (GLRenderer.java:2548)
  at com.threed.jpct.World.draw (World.java:1424)
  at com.threed.jpct.World.drawWireframe (World.java:1132)
  at com.aeroshark333.artofearthify.lw.ArtOfEarthify$1.run (ArtOfEarthify.java:732)
  at com.aeroshark333.artofearthify.utils.WorkerThread$2.run (WorkerThread.java:46)
  at com.aeroshark333.artofearthify.lw.ArtOfEarthify.onDrawFrame (ArtOfEarthify.java:1402)
  at com.aeroshark333.artofearthify.lw.LiveWallpaperRenderer.onDrawFrame (LiveWallpaperRenderer.java:45)
  at android.opengl.GLSurfaceView$GLThread.guardedRun (GLSurfaceView.java:1531)
  at android.opengl.GLSurfaceView$GLThread.run (GLSurfaceView.java:1248)

  at com.threed.jpct.Logger.log (Logger.java:206)
  at com.threed.jpct.GL20.checkError (GL20.java:163)
  at com.threed.jpct.GL20.glGenBuffers (GL20.java:1385)
  at com.threed.jpct.CompiledInstance.compileToVBO (CompiledInstance.java:1478)
  at com.threed.jpct.CompiledInstance.render (CompiledInstance.java:606)
  at com.threed.jpct.GLRenderer.drawWireframe (GLRenderer.java:2548)
  at com.threed.jpct.World.draw (World.java:1424)
  at com.threed.jpct.World.drawWireframe (World.java:1132)

Any idea what'd cause this error?

EDIT:
Also... I found this: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47754714/load-huge-texture-in-parts-in-opengl-es-2-0
Maybe it would be a cool feature for jPCT

When you change Config.useVBO = true to false in the testcase's code
Would that help to reproduce the error on a physical device perhaps?

Hmmm, this is the AVD emulator I use to reproduce the error (I think I also had a Genymotion emulator that'd crash if you want that one...):
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1-iNRd9xdTU7j-WCzYIWcOqfgIxt4eRe6
Unzip these files to C:\Users\<your_username>\.android\avd
(Also edit the .ini file to make it match your path (probably only change the username twice)
And it should pop up now when you try to run the application from Android Studio I believe

Hmmm weird...
Does Config.useVBO = false; also not help to reproduce the error?
For me, setting the Config.useVBO = false; would only increase the likelyhood of crashing.

The crashreports for different SIGSEGV's for the last 60 days from Google Play:
1 user(s), 49 crashes (code=2)
3 user(s), 10 crashes (code=1)
1 user(s), 03 crashes (code=1)
2 user(s), 03 crashes (code=1)
2 user(s), 02 crashes (code=1)
2 user(s), 02 crashes (code=2)
2 user(s), 02 crashes (code=2)
1 user(s), 02 crashes (code=0)
2 user(s), 02 crashes (abort)
1 user(s), 02 crashes (code=2)
1 user(s), 02 crashes (code=2)
1 user(s), 01 crashes (code=2)
1 user(s), 01 crashes (code=2)
1 user(s), 01 crashes (code=1)
1 user(s), 01 crashes (code=2)
1 user(s), 02 crashes (code=1)

code = 0: signal 11 (SIGSEGV), code 0 (SI_USER)
code = 1: signal 11 (SIGSEGV), code 1 (SIGV_MAPERR)
code = 2: signal 11 (SIGSEGV), code 2 (SIGV_ACCERR)
abort: no idea..? (probably also some kind of SIGSEGV)

Most of these reports show a backtrace to the graphics driver (some .so files)
And the reports are shows seperately (although they might have the same code=x) because of different graphics driver files I suppose

I also found this crashlog for 4 different devices which I found really weird:
java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError:
  at com.threed.jpct.Object3DCompiler.compile (Object3DCompiler.java:150)
  at com.threed.jpct.World.compile (World.java:2109)
  at com.threed.jpct.World.renderScene (World.java:1067)
  at com.aeroshark333.artofearthify.lw.ArtOfEarthify$1.run (ArtOfEarthify.java:991)
  at com.aeroshark333.artofearthify.utils.WorkerThread$2.run (WorkerThread.java:46)
  at com.aeroshark333.artofearthify.lw.ArtOfEarthify.onDrawFrame (ArtOfEarthify.java:1753)
  at com.aeroshark333.artofearthify.lw.LiveWallpaperRenderer.onDrawFrame (LiveWallpaperRenderer.java:45)
  at android.opengl.GLSurfaceView$GLThread.guardedRun (GLSurfaceView.java:1548)
  at android.opengl.GLSurfaceView$GLThread.run (GLSurfaceView.java:1259)
Caused by: java.lang.NegativeArraySizeException:
  at com.threed.jpct.CompiledInstance.<clinit> (CompiledInstance.java:28)

It is supposed to get to that white screen yes.
However, some devices won't get to this white screen and crash in the world.draw() calls in the loading process or the actual 'first' world.draw() call when the actual 3D rendering happens (after the loading process)

The crash does not always happen but I do keep getting these SIGSEGV errors in Google Play Store developer console from actual devices. I was able to 'reproduce' (on my old (now broken) HTC Desire 820) this error. So now the only thing that can help me reproduce the error is the emulator with Nexus 5X API28 x86 Android 9.

But I am not able (or rarely able) to reproduce the error with much lower polygon models so is it possible to load higher polygon models as if they were lower polygon models somehow? No idea here... world.drawWireFrame() and world.draw() both produce the SIGZSEGV.

Sidenote: Config.useVBO = false only seems to make the crashrates worse for me on the emulator

Which devices? => See post #25 in this thread for some of the devices affected
My 'device' (actually emulator) I use to reproduce the error: Nexus 5X API 28 x86 (Android 9, API 28) (This one should be downloadable from Android Studio)

Which Android versions? Any...

Sometimes or all the time? Depends, for low-polygon models it happens less often but for high-polygon models more often.

Test case: https://www.dropbox.com/s/rsoz0dhm1sds6wm/TestCase.zip?dl=1
(the code is a little messy but I mostly stripped code from the original application)

Stacktrace (working):
09-30 10:18:59.541 26730-26750/com.aeroshark333.testcase W/jPCT-AE: [ 1538302739541 ] - WARNING: OpenGL vendor:     Google (NVIDIA Corporation)
    [ 1538302739541 ] - WARNING: OpenGL renderer:   Android Emulator OpenGL ES Translator (GeForce GTX 950M/PCIe/SSE2)
    [ 1538302739541 ] - WARNING: OpenGL version:    OpenGL ES 2.0 (4.5.0 NVIDIA 398.11)
    [ 1538302739541 ] - WARNING: OpenGL renderer initialized (using 4/32 texture stages)
09-30 10:18:59.542 26730-26750/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/System.out: Sensor Detection Started!
09-30 10:18:59.548 26730-26730/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/System.out: Error.
09-30 10:18:59.549 26730-26730/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/chatty: uid=10084(com.aeroshark333.testcase) identical 2 lines
09-30 10:18:59.562 26730-26730/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/System.out: Error.
09-30 10:18:59.673 26730-26750/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/ArtOfEarthify: Loading blit shaders!
09-30 10:18:59.753 26730-26750/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/ArtOfEarthify: Loading earth object!
09-30 10:18:59.867 26730-26741/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/ark333.testcas: Background concurrent copying GC freed 10715(711KB) AllocSpace objects, 2(48KB) LOS objects, 46% free, 7MB/13MB, paused 5.656ms total 28.853ms
09-30 10:19:00.130 26730-26750/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/ArtOfEarthify: Loading background object!
09-30 10:19:00.249 26730-26750/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/ArtOfEarthify: Loading sun object!
09-30 10:19:00.397 26730-26750/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/ArtOfEarthify: Loading moon object!
09-30 10:19:00.412 26730-26750/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/ArtOfEarthify: Done moon object!
09-30 10:19:00.524 26730-26750/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/ArtOfEarthify: Done loading models
09-30 10:19:00.555 26730-26750/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/ark333.testcas: Explicit concurrent copying GC freed 25326(1094KB) AllocSpace objects, 29(2MB) LOS objects, 39% free, 9MB/15MB, paused 668us total 28.008ms
09-30 10:19:00.570 26730-26750/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/ark333.testcas: Explicit concurrent copying GC freed 153(52KB) AllocSpace objects, 0(0B) LOS objects, 39% free, 9MB/15MB, paused 590us total 13.971ms
09-30 10:19:00.758 26730-26750/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/System.out: beep0a
    beep0b
    beep0c
09-30 10:19:00.759 26730-26750/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/System.out: beep1a
    beep1b
09-30 10:19:00.763 26730-26750/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/System.out: beep1c
09-30 10:19:00.764 26730-26750/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/System.out: beep2
    beep3
09-30 10:19:00.765 26730-26750/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/System.out: beep4
    beep5
09-30 10:19:00.766 26730-26750/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/System.out: beep6
09-30 10:19:00.784 26730-26750/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/ark333.testcas: Explicit concurrent copying GC freed 346(74KB) AllocSpace objects, 15(2MB) LOS objects, 46% free, 7MB/13MB, paused 550us total 17.247ms
09-30 10:19:00.799 26730-26750/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/ark333.testcas: Explicit concurrent copying GC freed 13(48KB) AllocSpace objects, 0(0B) LOS objects, 46% free, 7MB/13MB, paused 439us total 14.073ms
09-30 10:19:00.975 26730-26750/com.aeroshark333.testcase W/jPCT-AE: [ 1538302740975 ] - WARNING: Your application uses default shaders, but they have been disabled in Config. Consider to enable them or performance will suffer!
09-30 10:19:00.990 26730-26750/com.aeroshark333.testcase E/emuglGLESv2_enc: a vertex attribute index out of boundary is detected. Skipping corresponding vertex attribute. buf=0xd72bcf20
    Out of bounds vertex attribute info: clientArray? 0 attribute 3 vbo 15 allocedBufferSize 2064 bufferDataSpecified? 1 wantedStart 0 wantedEnd 33784
09-30 10:19:00.991 26730-26750/com.aeroshark333.testcase E/emuglGLESv2_enc: a vertex attribute index out of boundary is detected. Skipping corresponding vertex attribute. buf=0xd72bcf50
    Out of bounds vertex attribute info: clientArray? 0 attribute 4 vbo 16 allocedBufferSize 2064 bufferDataSpecified? 1 wantedStart 0 wantedEnd 33784
    a vertex attribute index out of boundary is detected. Skipping corresponding vertex attribute. buf=0xd72bcf80

Stacktrace (not working):
09-30 10:16:31.090 26487-26518/com.aeroshark333.testcase W/jPCT-AE: [ 1538302591089 ] - WARNING: OpenGL vendor:     Google (NVIDIA Corporation)
    [ 1538302591090 ] - WARNING: OpenGL renderer:   Android Emulator OpenGL ES Translator (GeForce GTX 950M/PCIe/SSE2)
09-30 10:16:31.091 26487-26518/com.aeroshark333.testcase W/jPCT-AE: [ 1538302591091 ] - WARNING: OpenGL version:    OpenGL ES 2.0 (4.5.0 NVIDIA 398.11)
    [ 1538302591091 ] - WARNING: OpenGL renderer initialized (using 4/32 texture stages)
09-30 10:16:31.114 26487-26518/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/System.out: Sensor Detection Started!
09-30 10:16:31.189 26487-26487/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/System.out: Error.
09-30 10:16:31.189 26487-26487/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/chatty: uid=10084(com.aeroshark333.testcase) identical 3 lines
09-30 10:16:31.189 26487-26487/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/System.out: Error.
09-30 10:16:31.282 26487-26518/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/ArtOfEarthify: Loading blit shaders!
09-30 10:16:31.351 26487-26518/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/ArtOfEarthify: Loading earth object!
09-30 10:16:31.579 26487-26518/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/ArtOfEarthify: Loading background object!
09-30 10:16:31.746 26487-26518/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/ArtOfEarthify: Loading sun object!
09-30 10:16:31.879 26487-26518/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/ArtOfEarthify: Loading moon object!
09-30 10:16:31.894 26487-26518/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/ArtOfEarthify: Done moon object!
09-30 10:16:31.990 26487-26518/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/ArtOfEarthify: Done loading models
09-30 10:16:32.028 26487-26518/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/ark333.testcas: Explicit concurrent copying GC freed 26739(1115KB) AllocSpace objects, 29(2MB) LOS objects, 22% free, 20MB/26MB, paused 730us total 37.701ms
09-30 10:16:32.067 26487-26518/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/ark333.testcas: Explicit concurrent copying GC freed 209(52KB) AllocSpace objects, 0(0B) LOS objects, 22% free, 20MB/26MB, paused 1.073ms total 37.880ms
09-30 10:16:32.257 26487-26518/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/System.out: beep0a
    beep0b
09-30 10:16:32.258 26487-26518/com.aeroshark333.testcase I/System.out: beep0c
    beep1a
    beep1b
09-30 10:16:32.259 26487-26518/com.aeroshark333.testcase A/libc: Fatal signal 11 (SIGSEGV), code 2 (SEGV_ACCERR), fault addr 0xf1cc2000 in tid 26518 (GLThread 2033), pid 26487 (ark333.testcase)


When Config.byteBufferLimit = 0:
09-26 12:02:52.714 5293-5313/com.aeroshark333.artofearthify E/emuglGLESv2_enc: a vertex attribute index out of boundary is detected. Skipping corresponding vertex attribute. buf=0xd5a0f240
    Out of bounds vertex attribute info: clientArray? 0 attribute 2 vbo 56 allocedBufferSize 2064 bufferDataSpecified? 1 wantedStart 0 wantedEnd 33280
    a vertex attribute index out of boundary is detected. Skipping corresponding vertex attribute. buf=0xebe0fe90
    Out of bounds vertex attribute info: clientArray? 0 attribute 3 vbo 18 allocedBufferSize 2064 bufferDataSpecified? 1 wantedStart 0 wantedEnd 33280
    a vertex attribute index out of boundary is detected. Skipping corresponding vertex attribute. buf=0xebe0fe90
    Out of bounds vertex attribute info: clientArray? 0 attribute 3 vbo 18 allocedBufferSize 2064 bufferDataSpecified? 1 wantedStart 0 wantedEnd 33784
    a vertex attribute index out of boundary is detected. Skipping corresponding vertex attribute. buf=0xebe0fe90
    Out of bounds vertex attribute info: clientArray? 0 attribute 3 vbo 18 allocedBufferSize 2064 bufferDataSpecified? 1 wantedStart 0 wantedEnd 33280
09-26 12:02:52.715 5293-5313/com.aeroshark333.artofearthify I/System.out: 2b
09-26 12:02:52.715 5293-5313/com.aeroshark333.artofearthify I/ArtOfEarthify: 3
09-26 12:02:52.741 5293-5313/com.aeroshark333.artofearthify I/3.artofearthif: Explicit concurrent copying GC freed 49894(2042KB) AllocSpace objects, 38(3MB) LOS objects, 23% free, 20MB/26MB, paused 862us total 24.748ms
09-26 12:02:52.765 5293-5313/com.aeroshark333.artofearthify I/3.artofearthif: Explicit concurrent copying GC freed 139(36KB) AllocSpace objects, 0(0B) LOS objects, 23% free, 20MB/26MB, paused 720us total 22.994ms
09-26 12:02:52.917 5293-5313/com.aeroshark333.artofearthify I/ArtOfEarthify: Done loading models
09-26 12:02:52.946 5293-5313/com.aeroshark333.artofearthify I/3.artofearthif: Explicit concurrent copying GC freed 27(31KB) AllocSpace objects, 0(0B) LOS objects, 23% free, 20MB/26MB, paused 579us total 28.449ms
09-26 12:02:52.980 5293-5313/com.aeroshark333.artofearthify I/3.artofearthif: Explicit concurrent copying GC freed 5(32KB) AllocSpace objects, 0(0B) LOS objects, 23% free, 20MB/26MB, paused 576us total 30.571ms
09-26 12:02:53.155 5293-5313/com.aeroshark333.artofearthify E/emuglGLESv2_enc: a vertex attribute index out of boundary is detected. Skipping corresponding vertex attribute. buf=0xebe0fe90
    Out of bounds vertex attribute info: clientArray? 1 attribute 3 vbo 18 allocedBufferSize 2064 bufferDataSpecified? 1 wantedStart 0 wantedEnd 3168
09-26 12:02:53.164 5293-5313/com.aeroshark333.artofearthify E/emuglGLESv2_enc: a vertex attribute index out of boundary is detected. Skipping corresponding vertex attribute. buf=0xebe0fe90
09-26 12:02:53.165 5293-5313/com.aeroshark333.artofearthify E/emuglGLESv2_enc: Out of bounds vertex attribute info: clientArray? 1 attribute 3 vbo 18 allocedBufferSize 2064 bufferDataSpecified? 1 wantedStart 0 wantedEnd 2208
09-26 12:02:53.330 5293-5313/com.aeroshark333.artofearthify I/ArtOfEarthify: Loaded textures: 2
09-26 12:02:53.333 5293-5313/com.aeroshark333.artofearthify E/emuglGLESv2_enc: a vertex attribute index out of boundary is detected. Skipping corresponding vertex attribute. buf=0xebe0fe90
    Out of bounds vertex attribute info: clientArray? 1 attribute 3 vbo 18 allocedBufferSize 2064 bufferDataSpecified? 1 wantedStart 0 wantedEnd 3168
09-26 12:02:53.335 5293-5313/com.aeroshark333.artofearthify E/emuglGLESv2_enc: a vertex attribute index out of boundary is detected. Skipping corresponding vertex attribute. buf=0xebe0fe90
    Out of bounds vertex attribute info: clientArray? 1 attribute 3 vbo 18 allocedBufferSize 2064 bufferDataSpecified? 1 wantedStart 0 wantedEnd 2272
09-26 12:02:53.402 5293-5313/com.aeroshark333.artofearthify I/3.artofearthif: Explicit concurrent copying GC freed 575(75KB) AllocSpace objects, 0(0B) LOS objects, 22% free, 20MB/26MB, paused 579us total 30.227ms
09-26 12:02:53.437 5293-5313/com.aeroshark333.artofearthify I/3.artofearthif: Explicit concurrent copying GC freed 12(32KB) AllocSpace objects, 0(0B) LOS objects, 22% free, 20MB/26MB, paused 590us total 32.737ms
09-26 12:02:53.592 5293-5313/com.aeroshark333.artofearthify W/jPCT-AE: [ 1537963373592 ] - WARNING: Texture's size is 2/1, but textures should be square for OpenGL ES2.0! This may result in a black texture!
It will print a similar stacktrace for
Config.byteBufferLimit = 16;
Config.byteBufferLimit *= 64;

But maybe it's just an issue with the emulator..?
Since even when these 'out of boundary' messages get spammed, the application might still work (randomly...)
The crashing error does happen on real physical devices though (the SIGSEGV's)

I wondered, is it bad practice to pre-load the Object3D's by calling world.renderScene() and world.draw() often after each other when the camera is looking at all the Object3D's?
Because I currently do this but I have a feeling that a lot of draw calls at once isn't good for memory or something..?

Also, when using Config.useVBO = false the application would already crash before any texture loading happens (so when the geometry's are drawn with dummy textures)
It seems to be able to make some world draws but it crashes after a few, while Config.useVBO = true has no issues to load geometries here